灌溉对华北农牧交错带无芒雀麦生物学特性的影响

研究了河北坝上地区不同水分处理下无芒雀麦的生物学特性。结果表明,不同水分处理对无芒雀麦的植株高度、分蘖数、叶面积、地上和地下植物量等生物学特性均有不同程度的影响。在9月初刈割前,植株高度顺序为W3>W4>W2>W1,表明较多的灌水有利于植株的生长;叶面积大小顺序与植株高度变化规律相似,叶面积大小顺序为W4>W3>W2>W1,表明较多的灌水利于叶片的增大;对于分蘖数则相反,不同水分处理分蘖数顺序为W1>W2>W3>W4,灌水越多分蘖越少,说明整个生长季里适当的干旱可以促进分蘖;不同水分处理下地上植物量的大小次序为W2>W4>W3>W1,但无显著差异;不同水分处理根系重量的大小次序为W2>W1>W3>W4,说明适当干旱有利于无芒雀麦根系的生长。     

新疆北屯绿洲弃耕农田的植被变化特征

在北屯绿洲选择了3组不同年限的次生盐渍化弃耕农田,分别计算了样地内每种植物的重要值,采用Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数、Simpson指数测定了生物多样性.结果表明:3组群落组成存在显著差异,优势种更替明显.3组群落构成依次为,一年生草本、一年生草本 多年生小半灌木、多年生草本 灌木.物种多样性表现为2年群落＞5年群落＞13年群落;群落均匀度表现为2年群落＞5年群落,而5年与13年群落相当,但是生态优势度却表现出与物种多样性相反的趋势,即2年群落＜5年群落＜13年群落.     

昆仑山西段北坡天然草地营养类型研究

对昆仑山天然草地实地考察,采集混合草群样品分析其化学成分,按照全国统一标准和方法对昆仑山天然草地进行了营养类型划分。结果表明,昆仑山西段的天然草地可分为4个营养型,分布于低山带的草地是碳氮-灰分型,在中低山分布面积较广的是氮碳-灰分型,在海拔3200～3600m的亚高山草地的营养型为碳氮型,在海拔3600～4000m的高山区为氮碳型。这是由于不同的生境生长着与之相适应的植物种类,在特定的物候期就具有不同的营养类型。     

Effects of plastic mulches on root zone temperature and on the manifestation of tomato spotted wilt symptoms and yield of tomato

Tomato spotted wilt (TSW) disease is a serious constraint to tomato production in various regions of the world. The effect of TSW on tomato yield is largely influenced by time of infection. Early infection usually results in severe stunting of the seedling and even death of the plant. Plastic film mulches affect both the incidence of TSW, and plant growth and yield of tomato. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of root zone temperature (RZT) as affected by plastic film mulch on the manifestation of symptoms of TSW, and growth and yield of tomato plants either artificially inoculated with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) or under natural TSW infection. In artificially inoculated plants as well as in plants under natural TSW infection, vegetative top fresh weight (FW) and fruit FW both increased with the length of time after transplanting that the plants remained free from TSW symptoms. The root zone temperature was highest under black mulch (seasonal mean = 27.5 °C), followed by gray (27.0 °C), silver (25.8 °C), and white (24.8 °C) mulches. The plants grown on black mulch showed the earliest appearance of TSW symptoms, and had significantly reduced vegetative growth and fruit yields compared to plants on the other mulches. In conclusion, utilization of plastic mulches that created conditions of high RZT stress resulted in reduced plant growth and yield and predisposed the plants to earlier expression of TSW symptoms compared to plants grown at RZTs more favorable to tomato plant growth (optimal RZT = 26.1 °C [Díaz-Pérez, J.C., Batal, K.D., Granberry, D., Bertrand, D., Giddings, D., Pappu, H., 2003. Vegetative top growth and yield of tomato grown on plastic film mulches as affected by the appearance of symptoms of Tomato spotted wilt virus. HortScience 38, 395–399]). Since these plant responses to TSW under heat stress occurred in artificially inoculated plants as well as in plants under natural TSW infection, high RZTs probably affected the plants directly, independently of any possible effects on the thrips vectors.     

青藏高原东北部农牧交错区气候变化及其对草场植被的影响

利用青藏高原东北部12个地面气象站1961-2000年的降水、气温资料，分析了区域内近40a来气候的交化及其对牧草的影响。结果表明，青藏高原东北部农牧交错区从20世纪80年代末开始有明显的暖干化趋势，受气候暖干化，以及超载过牧、草地鼠虫害、滥挖乱垦等因素共同影响，区域内牧草产量下降，牧草群体结构平均密度明显减少，导致草场植被稀琉，草场退化现象B趋严重。     

波尔山羊杂交优势利用与南方灌丛草地开发

波尔山羊是目前世界上最优良的肉用山羊品种之一,国外研究及笔者在国内的试验表明,波尔山羊对本地低产山羊的杂交改良效果十分显著,因而可利用其杂交优势发展高效肉羊生产,高效肉用山羊生产系统的建立,对我国南方丰富的天然灌丛草地资源的开发利用具有交大的潜在价值,可为南方草地畜牧业提供新的发展途径,     

草地早熟禾类草坪草在寒冷半干旱带(兰州)适应性的研究

鉴于草地早熟禾在田间试验条件下各品种的适应能力无明显差异 ,只有在逆境胁迫下才表现其适应力的差别 ,将实验室测试的生理生化指标与田间观察结果加以综合 ,对 2 0个草地早熟禾品种用抗逆性指数 (Si)进行排序和分类 ,抗逆性强的有 2个 ,中等的 15个 ,差的 3个。     

福建省闽台农业合作试验区的实证分析

阐述了福建省闽台农业合作试验区的发展概况,从自然资源、经济环境、农业产业基础等方面对福州、漳州、泉州、三明4个主要闽台农业合作试验区进行了比较分析,并提出了优化闽台农业合作的新思路。     

Biological and socioeconomic implications of recreational boat fishing for the management of fishery resources in the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean)

A survey of coastal recreational boat fishing was conducted in summer 2006 in the marine reserve of Cap de Creus (NW Mediterranean) to assess the biological and socioeconomic implications of this leisure activity. Recreational boat fishers employ four different fishing techniques: bottom fishing rod, fluixa, trolling and surface fishing rod. Although the targeted species depend on the fishing method used, a total of 33 fish species were identified in the catch (8 were pelagic or benthopelagic and the rest were demersal). Fishing effort was high since fishers fished an average of 4 h/day, 8 days/month and nearly 6 months/year. Apart from the highly varied exploitation of the fauna, recreational fishing in Cap de Creus has a large economic effect on the local economy since the majority of fishers were visitors who were spending holidays in one of the villages belonging to the Park, where most of expenditures related to angling activities were made. Overall, results highlight the pressure that recreational boat fishing exerts on fish communities, particularly on littoral, demersal ones. Considering these biological and socioeconomic implications, the competition between recreational and artisanal fishers for littoral resources and the low level of compliance with the current sport fishing regulations, the implementation of a comprehensive management strategy in Mediterranean costal areas is needed.     

清末呼兰地区移民与农业开发

呼兰是清政府在东北最早开禁的地区。1860～1903年，清朝先后开放了蒙古尔山、通肯等地区，关内移民开始大量涌入呼兰地区．土地开发规模迅速扩大，粮食产量大幅度提高，农产品加工业崛起，农产商品率迅速提高，促进了农业的近代化。